1. Important features of the Preamble 1. Sovereign - Sovereignty means that India has political freedom from external rule, that is independence from any external entity exercising control over the territory of India. India is not a dominion of any external power. It means the independent authority of the state Sovereign externally - independence of the state against other states and internally - free from internal dictatorships / autocratic rule. In India, laws are made by the legislature, elected representatives by the people subject to powers under Art 368 of the constitution In the case of Synthetic & Chemicals Ltd. v. the State of Uttar Pradesh (1989) , the Supreme Court decided that the word ‘sovereign’ means that the state has the authority to control everything within the restrictions given by the Constitution. 2. Secular - incorporated in the Preamble by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, 1976 The Constitution states that India as a secul...